Quest continues for 50% RE Power Mix in Mindanao by 2030

CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY/6 October 2026 – Energy stakeholders in Mindanao continue their relentless campaign to attain a 50/50 renewable/thermal energy mix for the island grid by 2030.

Based on 2025 data from the Department of Energy (DOE), Renewable Energy (RE) accounts for 35% of generation capacity, but if Agus-Pulangi is optimized, RE share could go up,” said Assistant Secretary Romeo M. Montenegro, Deputy Executive Director of the Mindanao Development Authority(MinDA).

Mindanao clean energy champion Assistant Secretary Romeo Montenegro, Deputy Executive Director of the Mindanao Development Authority (MinDA) has constantly stressed the urgent need to create more demand for renewable energy (RE) to attain the 50:50 RE to fossil fuel energy mix in Mindanao by 2030. (MinDA Photo)

“If we add a few of recently commissioned solar and bite-size hydro, RE may hover around 37-38% of gross power generation, which is on the path and well on track to our 50-50 target by 2030,” he added.

Moreover, if the announced pipeline of committed and indicative RE projects especially those eyed for GEA Mindanao are built within timeline, at least 50% RE by 2030 is attainable, provided no expansion of coal fired power plants happens.

Converting to RE

In Cagayan de Oro, the country’s leading renewable energy (RE) company is  slowly but surely keeping that target date and percentage within reach by helping more companies attain 100% RE and  expanding its RE capacity in the island.

Mets Cold Storage Services, Inc (Mets), the Philippines leading cold-storage operator, tapped First Gen to provide to 2,050 kilowatts renewable energy for the on-going expansion of Mets facility in Barangay Tablon, for its push for more sustainable operations.
(From left) Benedict Uy, METS Vice President for Business Development; Rafael Caunga, Vice President for Supply Chain, Engineering and Production; (2nd from right) Donna Robles, Chief Operating Officer; and (rightmost) Eileen Tio-Ty, Vice President for Finance, Human Resources and Technology; with Arlene Sy Soriano, First Gen Assistant Vice President and Head of Sales and Engagement; and Nina Butil, Head of Mindanao Business Development and Sales. (Photo courtesy of Mets).

On October 3, 2025 Mets Cold Storage Services, Inc (Mets), the Philippines leading cold-storage operator, tapped First Gen to covers up to 2,050 kilowatts of its demand for the on-going expansion of Mets facility in Barangay Tablon, for its push for more sustainable operations.

Capitol University Medical Center (CUMC) partnered with First Gen Corporation to source 100% renewable energy direct sourced from the Mt Apo Geothermal Plant in Cotabato, through an agreement signed by First Gen Chief Customer Engagement Officer Carlo Vega and Head of Mindanao Sales Mary Grace Butil (2nd and 1st from right, respectively); with (from left) CUMC ENT-HNS Department Head Dr Monique Lucia Jardin-Quing, Capitol University Executive Vice President Dr Fe Juarez, and CUMC President/CEO Rosalinda R. Deleste, DM.
 

 

A month later, Capitol University Medical Center (CUMC), one of the largest private medical facilities in Mindanao, became the first hospital in Northern Mindanao to be fully powered by renewable energy (RE) as First Gen supplies 900 kilowatts (kW) of geothermal power to support the electricity needs of the 200-bed hospital, including its Kidney Institute, and other specialty care facilities.

METS availed of the government’s Retail Competition and Open Access (RCOA) program which allows contestable customers with 100kW and above demand to decide which power suppliers to source energy from as mandated by the Electric Power Industry Reform Act of 2001 (EPIRA) to offer options to the end-users and grow the market.

On the other hand, CUMC availed of the Department of Energy’s Green Energy Option Program (GEOP) that allows consumers with 50kW-100kW demand to source renewable energy from a licensed supplier as opposed to consuming whatever is supplied by their distribution utility. It is established in Republic Act No. 9513, also known as the Renewable Energy Act of 2008.

First Gen will source the electricity for these two establishments from the Mt Apo Geothermal Plant in Cotabato, owned and operated by First Gen subsidiary Energy Development Corporation.

First Gen-owned Energy Development Corporation is the Philippines’ pioneer and largest 100% renewable energy producer and the world’s largest vertically integrated geothermal company. The Philippines is the 3rd Largest Geothermal Producer in the World.

Current installed capacity 1,597.57 MW accounts for 17% of the country’s total RE generation. while its 1,302.78 MW is 56% of the country’s total installed geothermal capacity.

With over 1,700 megawatts (MW) of RE capacity from over 22 geothermal, wind, solar and hydro facilities, First Gen is the largest RE provider in the Philippines. 

Expanding the RE Portfolio

Aside from the Mt Apo geothermal facility, First Gen owns and operates a 1.6 MW run-of-river mini-hydro facility in Manolo Fortich, Bukidnon that uses water flowing from the Agusan River.

Cagayan de Oro media tour the First Gen Agusan Hydroelectric Plant in Dalirig, Manolo Fortich, Bukidnon on October 2, 2026. (Photo courtesy of Trip ni Tonio)

The company is also expanding its portfolio in Mindanao with two other planned hydro projects—the 32-MW Bubunawan Hydro project in Libona, Bukidnon; and the 39-MW San Isidro Hydroelectric Power Project, along the Cagayan River slated to start construction in 2029. Both proposed projects plan to utilize run-of-river design, which means electricity is generated by using a river’s natural flow without building a large dam or reservoir and minimizing environmental impact.

In partnership with Prime Infrastructure Capital, First Gen also operates four gas-fired power plants with a combined capacity of 2,017 MW. These facilities support baseload requirements and help offset the intermittency of renewable sources. This diversified portfolio of renewable and low-carbon energy assets plays a vital role in stabilizing power supply and enhancing energy security.

First Gen owns the largest zero-coal portfolio in the country with 31 energy facilities producing more than 1,764.2MW of renewable energy, contributing the lowest carbon footprint among the biggest Independent Power Producers. It is the country’s largest RE producer, constituting 30% of the Philippines’ RE mix  with over 8,319.9 GWh.

Portfolio target

First Gen has set an ambitious goal of growing its portfolio to 13,000 MW by 2030. This push includes interests in natural gas plants.

To hit this goal, First Gen’s top officials said the firm would heavily bank on expansion in the geothermal power segment. This, given that geothermal power generators can run round the clock to meet minimum demand.

Expanding Generation Capacity in Mindanao

The power generation sector in the Philippines is largely private-sector driven. The Department of Energy (DOE), therefore, continues to facilitate investments in additional generation capacity, particularly renewable energy projects, to support the country’s long-term energy security.

For 2026–2031, Mindanao has: 30 committed power projects with a total capacity of 1,323.915 MW; and  37 indicative power projects with a total capacity of 3,256.98 MW. Together, these represent approximately 4,580.895 MW of additional potential generation capacity.

Approximately 90.26% of the combined capacity of the committed and indicative projects is from renewable energy sources, reflecting the continuing development of a cleaner and more sustainable energy mix in Mindanao. Once completed and commissioned, these projects are expected to provide additional generation capacity, strengthen the supply outlook, and support the region’s growing electricity requirements.

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Cagayan de Oro now ranks first with Mindanao’s biggest hotel pipeline

Cagayan de Oro has overtaken Davao as the city with the largest hotel pipeline in Mindanao, with 1,293 rooms (keys) compared to Davao’s 655, the 2026 Philippine Accommodation Pipeline Report released on September 25, 2026 reports.

Key developments across major destinations

Cagayan de Oro ranks 10th nationwide with five accommodations totaling 1,293 keys but leads Mindanao.

Mindanao now has 21 tracked properties against 16 two years ago, a 31% increase that puts more developers into the region than at any point we have recorded.

Nine properties in the Upper Midscale Segment (Php 4,501-6,000) make up 52 percent of the total keys with 1,511; followed by four properties in the Upscale Segment (Php 6,001-8,500) at 39 percent with 1,145 keys. Surprisingly, the Luxury Segment (Php11,000>) with only two accommodations constitute 5 percent of the total keys with 140, an  indication of the emerging sophistication and internationalization of its key urban centers.   

Siargao now carries six of the region’s 21 properties, though at an average of 69 keys each — the clearest example of Mindanao’s shift toward smaller, lifestyle-led development.

The report also noted that Cagayan de Oro will be welcoming its first branded residences, developments not yet evident in the city’s hospitality landscape two years ago.

Among these are Radisson Blu Hotel and Residences, Cagayan de Oro, and Citadines by Ascott Apart|Hotel , both in Uptown Cagayan de Oro, and Dusit Princess Firenze in Lapasan. Radisson (4,052) and Ascott (3,170) rank second and fourth among the top five international operators in the country’s pipeline.

The report, prepared by the Philippine Hotel Owners Association Inc. (PHOA) in partnership with Leechiu Property Consultants, combines survey responses from more than 50 developers and hotel operators, over 80 on-site inspections nationwide, and direct interviews with key stakeholders from the government and hospitality sectors. The data reflects information gathered through August 2026.

Established in 1977, PHOA, Inc. represents more than 200 accommodation establishments with over 40,000 rooms nationwide. It works with government and industry stakeholders to promote investor-friendly policies and strengthen the Philippine hospitality and tourism industry.

On the other hand, Leechiu Property Consultants’ Hotels, Tourism, and Leisure Department provides real estate and research services to investors and developers, helping maximize opportunities in emerging destinations and support the sustainable growth of the Philippine hospitality industry. 

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Isuzu-NMADI TrucXpo 2026 honors Partners  with The Next Mile Recognition Night

By Nyle B. Balasabas, General Manager, Isuzu-NMADI

The Isuzu Cagayan de Oro showroom took on a different kind of spotlight on September 15, 2026, with The Next Mile – Isuzu NMADI Partners Recognition Night.

An evening of awards and appreciation honored corporate customers, government partners, fleet operators, and business owners who trust NMADI with their vehicle and after-sales needs.

Isuzu NMADI officers, executives from Isuzu Philippines Corporation, valued partners, and media friends came together with one message at the heart of the celebration thanking them for making NMADI a part of their journey.

Isuzu-NMADI GM Nyle B. Balasabas

“Tonight, we put the trucks aside for a moment—and celebrate the people behind the journey. Welcome to the ISUZU NMADI Partners Appreciation Night.  We call this evening “The Next Mile,” said Isuzu-NMADI General Manager Nyle B. Balasabas in his welcome speech.

“Isuzu NMADI is Isuzu’s most awarded dealership.  And what made us consistently number 1 is because of the people inside this showroom tonight. And for that, we dedicate this night to you to say THANK YOU!”

GM Nyle also recognized Isuzu-NMADI’s partners from the refrigeration companies and truck body building who actively participated in the two-day TrucXpo 2026:

  • Cooltech of Centro Group represented by Ms. Lotis San Jose and Ms Cherry Andaya
  • Coolaire with Engr. Gat Bautista and the rest of the coolaire team
  • Topre Refrigeration Systems headed by Louis Lau King Hee, Mr. Eric Tan and Mr Mon del Rosario
  • Lucky 888 led by Mr. Alvin Gan and
  • Truckmaster led by Ricardo A. Lapig.
Photo courtesy of POINT OF VIEW/James M. Elaco

    “We also want to express our deepest appreciation to Isuzu Philippines Corporation, led by its President, Mr. Mikio Tsukui, for continuously supporting the growth of the commercial vehicle business and for being here with us today.”

    “Mr. Robert Carlos, Division Head for Sales; Mr. Kenjie Hesaida, Division Head for Sales,  Department Head Mr. Mario Ojales , and the rest of the Isuzu Philippines team for their continued partnership and support to NMADI and our customers.”

    “Finally we welcome our Awardees tonight, thank you for taking time off to be with us tonight. To all our corporate customers, government partners, fleet operators and business owners who have trusted NMADI with your vehicle requirements—thank you for allowing us to be part of your business.”

    Isuzu NMADI Partners Recognition Night 2026

    The Next Mile Awardees

    Corporate Sales Excellence Award

    M. Montesclaros Holdings, Inc.

    Redlion Megatrade Inc.

    Gama Foods Corporation

    Pryce Gases, Inc.

    Government Sales Excellence Award

    Department of Agriculture RFO 10

    Province of Zamboanga del Sur

    LGU – Iligan City

    Partner Bank Excellence Award

    Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation  – Northern Mindanao

    Metropolitan Bank & Trust Company  – Mindanao 2

    Partner Insurance Excellence Award

    Standard Insurance – CDO

    Partner Trader Achievement Award

    Alliance Auto & Truck Rebuilders Inc.

    Top Bank Manager Referral Excellence Award

    Armando Ogao-Ogao, PS Bank Pagadian

    Fleet After‑Sales Excellence Award

    Petrofuel Logistic, Inc.

    Equi‑Parco Construction Company

    San Miguel Integrated Logistics Services, Inc.

    Global Pacific Distribution Network

    Local Enterprise Account Program Award

    Lai-Tzi Marketing, Inc.

    Umalag Farm, Inc.

    Slam Glass & Aluminum Supply

    D & M Construction Supply

    Reynaldo Financing Services Corporation

    Parts Supply Excellence Award

    Nickel Asia Corporation

    San Miguel Integrated Logistics Services, Inc.

    Petrofuel Logistic, Inc.

    From supporting vehicle ownership to helping businesses move forward with greater confidence, these partners play an important role in creating more opportunities for our customers.

    Thank you for your continued partnership and support of the Isuzu NMADI community.

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    Culinary Milestones for a More Inclusive Kagay-an : Halal rises with new certified establishments & products

    By Tito Mike

    CAGAYAN DE ORO— Northern Mindanao’s hospitality industry marked another milestone on 24 September 2026, as Newdawn Hotel Plus hosted a Media Launch and Partners Night to celebrate the certification of Aster Kitchen, the hotel’s dedicated banquet kitchen making it the city’s First Halal-Certified Hotel Kitchen, offering Halal-Food Services: Banquets, Events, Catering, Buffet Breakfast, and Room Service.

    Atty. Mohammad Hussien Lucman, Chief, Administrative and Finance Division, National Commission on Muslim Filipinos (NCMF) -Region 10 hailed the feat which was attained through the Muslim Mindanao Halal Certification Board, Inc. (MMHCBI), under the supervision of NCMF Region 10.

    “We at the NCMF accredit halal certifier entities which in turn certifies halal,” Lucman said.

    This achievement directly aligns with the NCMF’s official mandate under Republic Act No. 9997 to promote, develop, and regulate the Philippine Halal industry, ensuring the preservation of the integrity and credibility of halal compliance for the benefit of Muslim Filipinos and travelers alike.

    The Certificate issued to Newdawn Hotel Plus Aster Kitchen which took effect on 08 September 2026 to 08 September 2027, found the establishment compliant with Halal standards in the sourcing, preparation, cooking, and serving food. It was issued and granted following the thorough inspection, and scrutiny of Aster Kitchen by the MMHCBI Board in accordance with Islamic Law and Guidelines of the Muslim Mindanao Halal Certification Board in Cotabato City.

    Sunrise Industry

    Department of Trade and Industry Region 10 Assistant Regional Director Almer Masillones cited how the aforementioned developments signify a rising awareness and investment in the region’s Halal industry.

    On February 2026, the Regional Halal Committee awarded 14 micro, small, and medium enterprises across Northern Mindanao with Halal certificates as part of DTI-10s efforts to support MSMEs in enhancing consumer confidence, supporting Muslim-friendly markets, and opening opportunities for domestic and export growth.

    “We have also participated in Halal trade fairs and promotion activities and witnessed Halal lanes being established in supermarkets,” Ms. Masillones said. “These milestones showcased the region’s growing Halal industry and expanded market opportunities for Halal-certified products.

    In fact, ten Halal-certified MSMEs from Region 10 were present during the launch to showcase their products, representing the growing number of entrepreneurs in the region investing in Halal certification and developing products for local and global markets.

    “The developments that we are celebrating today signifies that the Halal efforts in Northern Mindanao continues to expand to include the hospitality and tourism industries,” she added.

    The Challenge

    Nevertheless, Lucman acknowledged how achieving a Halal certification is no small feat.

    “Transitioning a premier hotel restaurant into a fully halal-compliant facility is paved with immense struggles and institutional hurdles. It demands strict adherence to rigorous logistics, navigating highly complex documentation, and restructuring supply lines to guarantee entirely separate, halal-compliant ingredient sourcing,” he stressed.

    Beyond the steep certification costs, he cautions how the true challenge lies in the continuous, unwavering enforcement of strict sanitation, cross-contamination prevention, and deep cultural retraining for staff.

    “By completely restructuring a kitchen infrastructure to protect the sanctity of Tayyiban (pure, clean, and wholesome standards), New Dawn Hotel Plus has transformed these operational burdens into an inspiring triumph for the region. Tayyiban (طَيِّبًا) is an Arabic word that means good, pure, clean, wholesome, and pleasing.

    Challenge met

    Engr. Ruel Vincent C. Banal, Assistant Regional Director for Technical Operations of the  Department of Science and Technology – Northern Mindanao, lauded what he termed as “the result of two years of hard work, commitment, resources, and partnership.”
    “This achievement did not happen overnight. Our journey began in 2023, when DOST and Newdawn embarked on a shared goal toward Halal certification. Our RediHalal Team walked them through the series of Halal trainings, assessment, development of their Halal Assurance and Management Manual, and the final Halal audit, leading to this certification.”

    “More than the technical requirements, what made this journey meaningful was Newdawn’s willingness to learn, adapt, and continuously improve,” Banal noted. “For DOST, this is what partnership is all about: Agham na Ramdam. As we continue to support the Halal industry, we hope to make science and technology, and innovation not only understood, but truly felt, experienced, valued, and, in our case today, celebrated.”

    Muslim-Friendly

    This certification perfectly complements the hotel’s prestigious recognition by the Department of Tourism Region X last January 2026 as Northern Mindanao’s premier Muslim-Friendly Accommodation in Cagayan de Oro and Northern Mindanao. From Muslim-Friendly rooms with Quiblah, Qur’an, and prayer mats, an designated prayer area, and Halal Pasalubong, Aster Kitchen is the pinnacle of Newdawn Plus Hotel’s Halal services.

    For Newdawn Hotel Plus, the achievement supports a broader goal of strengthening Northern Mindanao’s position as an all-inclusive destination for meetings, conferences, government and business events.

    “We are seeing increased requirements from government and MICE clients for Halal-certified food service.. We are proud to be the first to offer DOT accredited Muslim-Friendly accommodations, Halal food service, and partner with Halal-certified Pasalb,” said Tricia Grace Rañises, Group Vice President for Sales & Marketing. “Newdawn Hotel Plus -Aster Kitchen                     gives event organizers another reason to confidently choose Cagayan de Oro for their meetings, conferences and gatherings.”

    Along with  its Halal-certification, Aster Kitchen is developing a culinary identity inspired by a fusion of Mindanao and Southeast Asian cuisines. Its featured catering offerings include Chicken Piaparan, Fish stew with Langka (Biyaran a Badak), Chicken Rendang, its signature Halal-certified Pancit Macau with Seafood, Roast Chicken, and other hotel pastries such as Ube Ensaymada and Butter Torta.

    Earlier, Zubaibai Seafood Restaurant at the 5th Level of SM CDO Downtown was granted a Halal Certificate for Restaurant Operations and Food Preparation, Kitchen Handling, Menu Management, and Food Service Activities by the FIQH and HALAL COUNCIL of the PHILIPPINES, Inc. effective 14 May 2026 until 13 May 2028.

    Babu Kwan

    The first Halal-certified restaurant in Northern Mindanao was the  Moro-themed and inspired Babu Kwan restaurant which opened at Cagayan de Oro in April, 2019 at the ground floor of Saavedra Building (Vines Pension House), Yacapin corner Aguinaldo Streets, Barangay 32, Cagayan de Oro City, just across Wilshire Inn and 110 meters from Masjid Oro Jama-ah along Aguinaldo Street.

    Owned by couple Abdelnur (Abde) and Norkhalila Mae (Khal) Mambuay-Campong, it sought to restore the Meranaw Culture and Lifestyle shattered by the Marawi Siege, and promote Halal foods in accordance to Islamic laws as mentioned in the Holy Quran and Hadiths.

    Aside from  being the first Halal-certified restaurant in Northern Mindanao by the Muslim Mindanao Halal Certification Board Inc. on June 12, 2019, Babu Kwan was also cited with the Q Asia Publication Quality Excellence Awards in the restaurant category, and conferred the Seal of Quality Service Excellence, based on customer satisfaction.

    Its Halal Certification was renewed on March 31, 2023 since the first one’s effectivity was extended since no onsite inspections were possible in the interim due to the global pandemic constraints. However, its owners have since emigrated to Canada.

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    Origins of the Kumbira! Name and Logo

    Kumbira began as the 1st Cagayan de Oro Cultural and Culinary Festival on August 23, 1996, a very modest one-day event by today’s standards even though the Cagayan de Oro City Council passed a resolution declaring it a one week celebration on August 23-30.

    However, COHARA wanted something local, so while discussing what name was most appropriate, the Board  thought that when Kagay-anons have a fiesta or celebration they would say “Mag Kumbira!” the local term here in Cagayan de Oro which sounded truly ours. So beginning the next year in August, 1997 the festival became known as Kumbira!

    The original COHARA Logo and Kumbira wordmark were designed by Ingrid Agudo, one of COHARA’s founding members, with the Kumbira icon added later .

    The logo was refined and developed over time with most of the work done by Jocelyn Gordiel Balbon of Cagayan River View Hotel, who was also a member of the COHARA Board at the time. 

    She is still doing some of the artworks and designs for COHARA and Kumbira’s 30th Anniversary.

    “In 1998 our Kumbira backdrop was still styling the event name without the current symbol,” recalls Ms. Jocelyn. “But our 2000 backdrop already shows the Kumbira logo, so based on the photo documentation I have, the current logo was already in use by 2000.”

    She continued working on the Kumbira logo for the festival’s 15th Anniversary in 2011, and refined it again in 2013.

    The version refined in 2013 has been continued to be used up to the present.

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    COHARA + KUMBIRA : 30 YEARS OF LEGACY

    By Eileen C. San Juan

    Vice President-Hotel Division & Past President, COHARA

    Thirty years is a significant milestone—especially for an organization that has endured changing times, economic challenges, industry disruptions, and a pandemic, yet continues to move forward.

    But before we celebrate, let me take you back to 1996—where it all began.

    Where It All Began

    In 1996, Cagayan de Oro was already a thriving highly urbanized city, but its hospitality and tourism industry was still developing.

    Then Regional Tourism Director Dorothy Jean Pabayo called together hotels and restaurants in the city to explore the formation of an industry association.

    2014 KUMBIRA opening program with CDO Tourism Council Chair Dottie Pabayo, DOT-X RD Butch Chan, Mayor Oscar Moreno, COHARA Pres Nelia Lee. Albino Limketkai, and Celine Meñes.

    Eleven (11) pioneers became the foundation of what is now the Cagayan de Oro Hotel and Restaurant Association (COHARA).

    They were: Casa Crystalla, Dynasty Court Hotel, Grand Caprice Restaurant, Chali Beach Resort, Pryce Plaza Hotel, Lauremar Beach Resort and Hotel, VIP Hotel, Harbour Lights Hotel, Hotel Conchita, Southwinds Hotel, and New Waldorf Hotel.

    Their vision was simple but important: to work together to strengthen the hospitality and tourism industry of Cagayan de Oro.


    COHARA’s early objectives were to promote cooperation among industry members; upgrade facilities and standards; develop hospitality skills and manpower; and promote Cagayan de Oro as a tourism and convention destination.

    At that time, our hospitality landscape consisted largely of small and medium-sized establishments. The VIP Hotel, the city’s oldest hotel, together with Pryce Plaza and Dynasty Hotel, were among the major properties, while Chali Beach Resort and Lauremar Beach Resort provided beach accommodations.

    It was a small industry—but it had a big ambition.

    The Birth of Kumbira

    One of COHARA’s earliest major initiatives was the 1st Cagayan de Oro Cultural and Culinary Festival, held on August 23–31, 1996.

    The first event was a very modest event by today’s standards.

    It was a one-day competition with eight categories and nine judges : Plated Appetizer,  Creative Filipino Cuisine, Ham Garnishing, Market Basket, Fruit and Vegetable Carving, Napkin Folding, Fruit Flambé, Bar and Cocktail

    And even then, we already had both professional and student categories.

    And from that initiative, KUMBIRA was born.

    KUMBIRA was envisioned as more than a culinary competition. It was a way to encourage skills development, interaction among hotels, product upgrading, and the promotion of Cagayan de Oro’s hospitality industry to local and international markets.

    We did not know at the time that this small beginning would grow into what is now recognized as one of the country’s longest-running culinary competitions.

    30 Years of Evolution

    KUMBIRA has never stood still.

    What began with eight competitions has evolved into a much broader platform for culinary and hospitality excellence.

    (Photos courtesy of Juanderful Kagayan)

    The original Bar and Cocktail competition, for example, has grown into specialized competitions in cocktail mixing, flair bartending, coffee concoctions, fresh fruit beverages, andother beverage innovations.

    Through partnerships such as the National Food Showdown, KUMBIRA also expanded its focus on regional ingredients and indigenous cooking methods, giving Mindanao chefs and culinary teams opportunities to compete at the national level.

    Norbert Gandler & Melchor F.Taylo are among the Celebrity Chefs selecting local qualifiers to represent the region in the National Food Showdown.

    We developed the KUMBIRA Masters competitions in areas such as culinary, cake, bar, brewing, and now coffee latte art.

    We introduced a Junior Category for young competitors aged 10 to 17, recognizing that the future of the hospitality industry begins with our youth.

    Celebrity Chefs Penk Tan, Myrna Segismundo, and Gina Navarro with Junior Chefs circa 2017.

    We also expanded beyond culinary competitions to include food and event photography, barangay culinary competitions, housekeeping, restaurant service, and entrepreneurship.

    In other words, KUMBIRA evolved with the industry.

    The People Behind The Legacy

    But KUMBIRA’s greatest legacy is not the trophies.

    It is the people.

    For 30 years, KUMBIRA has brought together chefs, hoteliers, restaurateurs, educators, students, suppliers, judges, mentors, government partners, sponsors, and volunteers.

    Many of the students who once competed in KUMBIRA have gone on to become chefs, restaurateurs, hotel executives, entrepreneurs, and educators.

    (Photos courtesy of Juanderful Kagayan)

    KUMBIRA became a place where young people could test their skills, learn from experienced professionals, receive feedback from mentor-judges, and discover possibilities for their careers.

    In that sense, KUMBIRA is not simply a competition.

    It is a training ground for the next generation of hospitality leaders.

    The Strength of COHARA: Unity

    The same spirit of cooperation that created COHARA in 1996 remains one of its greatest strengths today.

    Hotels and restaurants may compete for customers, but when it comes to promoting Cagayan de Oro and supporting major city events, COHARA members become collaborators.

    COHARA Members and KUMBIRA! Judges circa 2013.

    When large conferences, conventions, and events come to the city, members work together to meet the needs of organizers and visitors.

    That spirit of cooperation helped Cagayan de Oro strengthen its reputation as a destination for conventions and events.

    In fact, the city was recognized as a Convention City and Destination of the Year in the 1999 Kalakbay Awards.

    COHARA’s role has always been bigger than individual establishments.

    It is about building the destination together.

    Building People and Developing Talent

    COHARA also recognized early that a strong hospitality industry depends on a strong pool of people.

    In 1999, COHARA launched its On-the-Job Training program, connecting students from various hospitality schools with member establishments through coordinated placements and monitoring.

    This program was highly recognized as a best practice and presented in the 2014 Higher Education Summit by the Philippine Business for Education (PBED) in partnership with USAID.

    COHARA also facilitated technical assistance and trainings through partnerships with organizations such as the Canadian Executive Service Organization (CESO) and PUM Netherlands Senior Experts, bringing international expertise directly to our members.

    ISCAHM Executive Director Chef Norbert Gandler with COHARA’s 2007 Scholars.

    Through its partnership with the International School for Culinary Arts and Hospitality Management (ISCAHM), COHARA sponsored teachers from schools offering hospitality programs for intensive culinary training, with the teachers subsequently sharing their knowledge through training programs for COHARA members.

    The International School for Culinary Arts and Hotel Management (ISCAHM) is a premier, world-class culinary training institution founded in 2003 by top international hotel professionals Chef Norbert Gandler, Ulrich Williman, and Hansjorg Shcallenberg. Led by Chef Gandler as the Executive Director for Culinary Education, ISCAHM is highly regarded for bringing a rigorous European curriculum and 4-to-5-star hotel operational standards directly into its training kitchens.

    These initiatives reflect one important principle:

    We cannot build a strong hospitality industry without investing in people and partnerships.

    Keeping Traditions, Brewing Innovations

    Another important part of COHARA’s legacy is its effort to balance tradition and innovation.

    Our hospitality industry is rooted in local culture, local ingredients, indigenous cuisine, and Filipino hospitality.

    At the same time, we must continue to innovate.

    This is why KUMBIRA has provided a platform for showcasing local ingredients, traditional cooking methods, modern culinary techniques, sustainability, and food entrepreneurship.

    We also held special festivals to promote our local specialties such as Sinuglaw, Binaki, Humba, our agricultural produce Kasuy, and other local dishes.

    Our theme for KUMBIRA 2024—“Keeping Traditions, Brewing Innovations”—captures this continuing journey.

    We honor where we came from while remaining open to where the industry is going.

    Powered by Volunteerism and Teamwork

    There is another story behind KUMBIRA that the audience does not always see.

    What the public sees is a three-day event.

    But behind those three days are months of planning, meetings, preparation, coordination,  training, logistics, sponsorship work, and countless hours given by people who believe in the industry. KUMBIRA is powered by volunteerism and teamwork.

    In the early years, we would travel to Manila, to other regions, and even to other parts of Asia to observe exhibitions and competitions.

    We brought home ideas, adapted them to our local setting, and developed our own KUMBIRA “Playbook” over the years.

    That spirit of learning, adapting, and sharing is part of what has kept KUMBIRA alive for three decades.

    Rising Through Challenges

    Thirty years also means surviving challenges.

    COHARA and KUMBIRA have experienced economic difficulties, industry disruptions, changing tourism landscapes, natural disasters, and, most recently, the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Yet we adapted.

    Even when we could not gather physically, KUMBIRA continued through online competitions and activities.

    That experience reminded us that resilience is not simply about surviving difficult times.

    It is about finding ways to continue serving the industry despite them.

    Partnerships That Built The Legacy

    No organization reaches 30 years alone.

    COHARA’s journey has been made possible through partnerships with the Department of Tourism and other government agencies; hotels, restaurants, and other industry members; schools and educators; suppliers and sponsors; professional organizations; tourism and industry partners; and most importantly, the media.

    Over the years, KUMBIRA has also received national attention, with Tourism Secretaries including Mina Gabor, Gemma Cruz-Araneta, Richard Gordon, Joseph “Ace” Durano, and Ramon Jimenez gracing its opening programs.

    Their presence helped affirm that what began as a local industry initiative had become an event with significance beyond Cagayan de Oro.

    The COHARA + KUMBIRA Legacy

    So, what is the legacy of COHARA and KUMBIRA after 30 years?

    It is not simply the number of competitions held.

    It is not simply the medals and trophies won.

    It is the people we have trained, the careers we have helped build, the partnerships we have created, the traditions we have preserved, and the opportunities we have opened for the next generation.

    It is the belief that competitors can become collaborators.

    That students can become industry leaders.

    That local ingredients can find a wider audience.

    That tradition and innovation can exist together.

    And that an industry becomes stronger when its members choose to work together.

    Thirty years ago, 11 establishments responded to a call to organize.

    COHARA 2025 General Membership Assembly at Limketkai Luxe Hotel with Vice President/Gen Manager & COHARA Pres Jerome de la Fuente (center in white)

    Today, that small beginning has grown into a community of hospitality professionals that continues to contribute to the growth of Cagayan de Oro and Mindanao.

    That is the legacy of COHARA.

    And KUMBIRA is one of the most visible expressions of that legacy.

    As we celebrate 30 years, we look back with gratitude—but we also look ahead with renewed commitment.

    Because the story of COHARA and KUMBIRA is not finished.

    For 30 years, we have celebrated excellence in hospitality—not only through food, but through people, passion, partnership, and shared purpose.

    And for the next generation, the best chapters are still to be written.

    -30-

    Higalaay Art Gallery Walk Opens at Limketkai Luxe

    By Tito Mike

    Bulawanong Bahandi  2026, the Creatives Art Festival of Cagayan de Oro City,  continues its month-long celebration with the opening reception Wednesday morning at the lobby of the city’s premier Limketkai Luxe Hotel.

    With the theme Friendship and Patronage to the Arts, the event seeks to link the city’s visual artists with their patrons in the local community.

    The exhibit features the works of  fifteen visual artists from the Kagay-an Misamis (KaMi) Creative Council’s Visual Arts Domain exhibited in Limketkai Luxe’s Lobby, Foyer, and Forma (Vibrant Mindanao Design Commune) shop. KaMi Creative Council is dedicated to promoting and advancing the creative industries of Misamis Oriental and Cagayan de Oro.

    The Gallery is an open-themed collection of paintings, sculptures and mixed media previously exhibited at the Xavier Ateneo Museo de Oro last month under KaMi’s Panagtigum Redux to open it to a more mainstream audience who wish to acquire Mindanaoan art while directly supporting Cagayan de Oro’s Creative Economy.

    “We are truly grateful for institutions that recognize and support the creative community in our region,” said Michael E. Bacol, Visual Arts Domain Head for the KaMi Creatives Council in a press conference following the opening reception.  

    “Cagayan de Oro is blessed with so many talented artists, not only in visual arts, but also in music, dance, theatre, film, and many other creative disciplines,” he noted. “Through Higalaay Art Walk, we hope to create more opportunities for our local artists to be seen, appreciated, and recognized. Many of our artists have already represented Cagayan de Oro and Mindanao in prestigious competitions, exhibitions, and international platforms.”

    Courtesy of Cris Rollo

    The fifteen featured artists include the following: Oscar A. Floirendo, Rey G. Bollozos, Kelly Ramos, Marlon Dexter A. Matela II, Genevieve L. Estrada, Jeric A. Caasalan, Dandie F. Lingatong, Mark N. Bailo, John Andrew O. Bibal, Ryan A. Carreon, Michael E. Bacol, Cris Rollo, Jamaicca Torrejos, Errol P. Balcos, and Nicolas P. Aca, Jr.

    “As the Domain Head for the Visual Arts in DTI Region 10, representing KaMi Creatives, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Limketkai Luxe Hotel, Oro Chamber, Oro TIPC, DTI, and KaMi Creatives for supporting our 15 local artists and giving them this prestigious space to showcase their works,” Bacol said.

    Photos Courtesy of Cris Rollo

    He further expressed hope that more art collectors, patrons, businesses, and institutions will continue to support and invest in local artists and their works as Cagayan de Oro continues to grow and develop, and help make art and creativity become parts of the city’s identity and legacy.

    “May our artworks find their place not only in homes and galleries, but also in our public spaces, where everyone can experience and appreciate them. Thank you to everyone who believes in our artists and in the creative future of Cagayan de Oro!”

    “Padayon mga artists! Padayon ang CDO! And may our creativity leave a legacy that will last for generations!”

    The exhibit is open daily through November 2026 during Limketkai Luxe’s operating hours. For sales and catalogue inquiries, please contact Limketkai Luxe Concierge at the hotel lobby or any of the participating KaMi artists. You may also call either of the following numbers 0917-852-4786 or 0917-860-6749.

    -30-

    Three Decades, One Culinary Legacy: COHARA Celebrates 30 Years of Kumbira

    Milestone 30th Anniversary Celebration

    CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY, PHILIPPINES — The Cagayan de Oro Hotel and Restaurant Association (COHARA) proudly marks a monumental milestone this year: the 30th-anniversary celebration of Kumbira, officially anchored under the banner “Three Decades, One Culinary Legacy.” The landmark event is scheduled for October 14–16, 2026, at the Atrium, Limketkai Mall, Cagayan de Oro City.

    Driven by one shared vision, COHARA brought together the local culinary and hospitality community of Cagayan de Oro three decades ago to create KUMBIRA!—marking 30 years of a shared journey that represents the absolute best of both worlds.

    What started as a local gathering has evolved far beyond a standard competition floor, transforming into the longest-running live culinary competition in the country and largest culinary show outside of Metro Manila, uniting education, industry partners, suppliers, exhibitors, and long-standing professional networks.

    The Journey: Three Decades of History & Milestones

    Kumbira’s rich heritage is defined by landmark legislation, venue evolution, and trailblazing community milestones:

    *   The Legislative Roots: Kumbira officially took root in 1996 when Mayor Pablo “Ambing” Magtajas issued City Proclamation No. 01-96 dated June 4, 1996, declaring August 23–31 as Cultural and Culinary Week in Cagayan de Oro City.

    The tradition grew even stronger in 2005 when the Cagayan de Oro City Council passed Resolution No. 7314-2005, declaring the third week of August as KUMBIRA Week.

    Pryce Plaza

    *   From Hilltop to City Center Venues: The competition’s journey spans iconic landmarks, beginning in 1996 at the Grand Ballroom, Pryce Plaza atop the verdant hills of the city, before moving to The Atrium, Limketkai Mall (2003–2025) as its long-standing modern epicenter.

    The Atrium at Limketkai Center
    1st Sinuglaw Festival held April 2015 at Centrio Activity Center

    *   The Sinuglaw Festival: Launched in 2004 by COHARA alongside the 8th KUMBIRA and later revived in 2010 during the city’s Charter Day celebration, this festival showcases sinugba and kinilaw blended with tabon-tabon and suwa to give Cagayan de Oro’s Sinuglaw its distinct local flavor.

    2019 Kumbira Opening Program & Kumbira Masters Launch at The Atrium.

    *   National Food Showdown & Mindanao Chef Wars: Initiated in 2008 in partnership with the National Food Showdown, this platform sends winning local teams from regional showdowns to Manila, where teams like Liceo de Cagayan University and The VIP Hotel have proudly claimed national gold and bronze titles.

    *   Pandemic Resilience (2021): Defying all boundaries during the global health crisis, COHARA achieved an unprecedented milestone by staging the 25th KUMBIRA completely virtually, uniting contestants from Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.

     About Kumbira: More Than a Competition

    Over the past three decades, Kumbira has continuously shaped the identity of Northern Mindanao’s food and hospitality sectors through several key pillars:

    2007 Scholars.

    *   Raising Industry Standards: Regional standards have been consistently elevated through structured learning, mentorship, professional judging, and continuous talent development.

    2013 COHARA Officials & KUMBIRA Judges.

    *   A Stage for Mindanao’s Culinary Pride: Kumbira serves as the premier regional platform where Mindanao’s unique cuisine, native ingredients, and exceptional hospitality capabilities are developed and showcased with pride.

    *   International Horizons (BIMP Integration): Expanding its global vision, landmark editions embraced the BIMP-EAGA theme (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines), introducing Halal professional categories and cross-border concepts to connect local talent with the wider Southeast Asian market.

    *   Demonstrated Resilience: The event has continuously adapted—from navigating digital transitions to returning strongly to physical events—while embedding advanced technical masterclasses (such as modern cake decorating with Chef Mich Uapal) and community-facing culinary outreach like “Tilaw” food tastings.

    *   Brewing Modern Innovations: Recent milestones have spotlighted booming local movements like the specialty coffee industry, seamlessly bridging traditional agricultural roots with modern culinary and barista craftsmanship.

    The Human Impact: Generational Legacy

    The true measure of these three decades is measured in the people developed, the opportunities created, the institutions strengthened, and the lasting professional relationships forged across generations. From pioneering champions like Lauremar Beach Resort (1997)and Bigby’s Café (7-time Professional Division Over-all Champion) to student powerhouses like Lourdes College, Tagoloan Community College, and Pine Hills Hotel (Malaybalay, Bukidnon), Kumbira continues to cultivate talent from the ground up.

    As it celebrates its 30th year, Kumbira honors decades of proven history while actively preparing the next generation of culinary and hospitality leaders to learn, compete, and carry its high standards into the future.

    Quick Facts & Fast Stats

    * Milestone: 30th Anniversary (1996 – 2026)

    * Official Dates: October 14–16, 2026

    * Venue: Atrium, Limketkai Mall, Cagayan de Oro City

    * Official Theme: “Three Decades, One Culinary Legacy” / “Kulinaria Rehiyones, Lasap Pilipino (Philippine Flavors)”

    -30-

    Renovated 4ID Museum opening soon

    Camp Evangelista, Cagayan De Oro City- The former museum building of this city’s resident military unit has been renovated and will soon reopen its doors as the city’s fifth museum.

    In a turnover ceremony held at Camp Edilberto Evangelista, the newly renovated Borromeo Hall turns a new chapter as home of the 4th Infantry “Diamond” Division (4ID Museum with an Audio-Visual Room and Mini Library. The facility is dedicated to preserving and showcasing the division’s history, traditions, and heritage.

    Major General Marion T. Angcao, Commander of 4ID and Mr. Jose Vicente Lito Cabrera Sr. lead the ceremonial ribbon-cutting,

    The renovation and enhancement of Borromeo Hall was the result of a collaborative effort between the Cabrera family and 4ID, through the Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff for Civil-Military Operations, G7, 4ID, with assistance from the Assistant Chief of Staff for Logistics, G4, 4ID; 4th Installation Management Battalion (4IMB); and Post Engineer Detachment (PED), as well as OLB Architectural Services, the museum historian, and curator, whose expertise, guidance, and creative contributions helped bring the museum’s vision to completion.

    Mr. Jose Vicente Cabrera Sr., together with his family, Mrs. Denvi Tiu Cabrera, their son, Mr. Jose Vicente Tiu Cabrera Jr., and daughter, Ms. Michelle Cabrera Francisco, were recognized for their generous sponsorship of the full renovation during the ceremony.

    Col. Ricky L. Canatoy, the Deputy Brigade Commander of 402nd Brigade and former G7 of 4ID provides an overview of the renovation project of the Borromeo Hall

    Initiated by Col Ricky Canatoy during his tenure as 4ID G7, (now the Deputy Brigade Commander of the 402nd Brigade), a meaningful collaboration was established with their benefactor Mr Jose Vicente Cabrera Sr, who generously sponsored approximately P3-M for the renovation of Borromeo Hall. A reservist who once served as brigade commander of the De La Salle University ROTC unit, Cabrera is also an an avid collector of historical artifacts, and an accomplished shooter.

    Mr. Jose Vicente Cabrera Sr. leads the unveiling of the Borromeo Hall marker

    Mr Cabrera recalls how they used to call Borromeo Hall as tumbok since it was the farthest point from the entrance to Camp Evangelista. During the middle 1980s is had lain fallow and was a “house for birds” since it was condemned for demolition due to the unsafe structure worn down by decades of use.

    In response to the proposal of Col Canatoy, the family decided to assist in the renovation of Borromeo Hall. Since he was also a collector of World War II memorabilia, books and Japanese military swords, Mr Cabrera has also donated a substantial portion to the museum where these would be better appreciated by future generations.

    Mr. Jose Vicente JV Tiu Cabrera Jr. leads the unveiling of the 4ID Museum Marker

    Since the 4th Division started as the 4th Military Area in 1946, Mr Cabrera also remarked how the World War II memorabilia provides a direct link between those soldiers who fought in the Second World War and eventually became the cadre of the Diamond Division when it started as the 1V Military Area after the war.

    The project was initiated on 04 November 2025, and was formally launched on 09 February 2026 with the capsule-laying ceremony, and was completed on 31 august 2026.

    Major General Marion T. Angcao, Commander of 4ID delivers his message during the turnover ceremony of the newly-renovated Borromeo Hall

    “This initiative would not have been made possible without the generosity and support of Mr. Cabrera:, said Division Commander, MGen Marion T Angcao PA.

    “His deep appreciation for historical artifacts, particularly those connected to soldiers and war, comes from a very personal place. As the son of a World War II veteran and survivor of the Bataan Death March, he grew up with a connection to the history, experiences, and sacrifices of those who served our country.”

    “Sir, your contribution have helped us create a place where the history and legacy of those who served can be remembered and appreciated,” Angcao stressed.

    The 4ID delegation to the turnover rites included BGen Consolito Yecla, Asst Division Commander; Col Rey P Pasco, Asst Division Commander for Reservist and Retirees Affairs (ADC-RRA); Col Juluis Cesar Paulo GSC (Inf) PA, Acting Chief of Staff; other Senior Officers , Enlisted Personnel; and Civilian Human Resource personnel.

    Also present were Ar. Christopher Gomez, who supervised the renovation, did the floor layout, and curated the initial exhibit; former Cagayan de Oro City Mayor Atty. Constantino G. Jaraula, Chairman of the Cagayan de Oro World War II and Veterans Studies Committee; Engr. Elpidio M. Paras, member,  and Rene Michael D. Baños, executive director.

    Project Overview

    Borromeo hall is dedicated to the memory of BGen Patricio G Borromeo, AFP, who served as superintendent of the Philippine Military Academy, and later as commander of the then 4th Military Area.

    Formerly known as Staff Officers’ Quarters No. 1, which he occupied from 06 June 1955 to 30 October 1956, it was later named in his honor after his distinguished career was tragically cut short by a plane crash over Iligan bay in 1956.

    The renovation included the restoration and enhancement of the structure, site development, landscaping, and interior Improvements,  designed to provide a more appropriate and meaningful setting for the preservation and presentation of the 4ID’s history.

    The improvements were designed not only to restore the physical character of the historic facility but also to give it a renewed purpose as a place where the past can be preserved, understood, and shared.

    The Audio-Visual (AV) room and mini library, named in honor of 2Lt Baltazar A Cabrera, serves as a lasting tribute to his father’s legacy and service in the military. It will provide a space for learning, research, and reflection for visitors, researchers, students, Diamond troopers, and their dependents.

    The mini library features a collection of books, publications,  historical references, and other educational materials, including those from the personal collection of Mr Cabrera.

    The museum will be open for Educational Tours and public viewing upon completion of the next phase as the 4ID and the PA transition to external security operations to secure the country’s sovereignty.

    “As we continue to modernize the Philippine Army, enhance our capabilities, adapt new technologies, and prepare for future challenges, we must also remember the importance of looking back. Modernization moves us forward, But our history reminds us of where we came from and how we got here.

    The equipment and technology may change and the nature of our missions may evolve, but the values of service, courage, and sacrifice that built this division remain the same. That is why the unveiling of the 4id Museum is especially meaningful,” Angcao remarked.

    -30-

    Pershing’s March Around Lake Lanao: Archaeol dig debunks American report on Battle of Kota Kalawi

    An archeological dig in Lanao del Sur has apparently unmasked the claims of one of America’s foremost military leaders as a fake.

    During the presentation and turnover of the Kota Kalawi Archeological and Historical Project held 24 August 2026 at the Lanao del Sur Provincial  Capitol, Project Team Leader Leee Anthony M. Neri, PhD, Dean of the UP School of Archaeology, declared the Battle of Kota Kalawi as a “Historical Hoax written by Americans in the 20th Century.”

    Dr Leee Anthony M. Neri presents the archological report on Kota Kalawi at the Lanao del Sur Provincial Capitol on August 24, 2026. (RMB)

    The Battle of Kota Kalawi (often referenced alongside the Battle of Bacolod Grande) was a violent three-day clash that occurred between April 6–8, 1903 (Bacolod-Grande), and Kalawi (also spelled Calahui in American accounts) on April 9, 1903, along the shores of Lake Lanao in Mindanao, Philippines.

    At the time of the battle, Major General George W. Davis served as the commander of the Division of the Philippines, overseeing the early American pacification campaigns in the traditional Meranaw and Iranun realms surrounding Lake Lanao.

    Reconstruction of Kota Kalawi in the 19th Century (Leee Anthony M. Neri)

    The defensive fortifications, known locally as kota (earthen/stone forts), served as vital defensive strongholds during local resistance against foreign invaders around Lake Lanao. Built strategically on plateaus and along the shores of Lake Lanao to control movement and trade, they were constructed with heavy timber, stone, earth, and bamboo, and often bristled with sharp bamboo spike pits (surung) and high walls for defenders using indigenous blades like kris and kampilan, with swivel cannons called lantakas.  

    The M1895 machine gun pre-dated more advanced and reliable designs like the Lewis Gun.. Nevertheless, it saw action in the Spanish-American War and other conflicts around the world. (Friedrich Seiltgen/thearmorylife.com)

    During the initial phases of the Lanao campaigns (1902–1903) against the Meranaws—including the pivotal Battle of Bayang and Lake Lanao pacification campaign led by Captain John J. Pershing—the U.S. forces primarily deployed the .30-caliber Colt-Browning M1895 machine gun (frequently referred to in historical military records simply as the Colt machine gun).

    The overwhelming mechanical firepower of these machine guns, paired with mountain artillery and mortars, ultimately gave the U.S. forces a devastating advantage over traditional Meranaw defenses.  

    Pershing’s expeditionary forces utilized the Ordnance QF 2.95-inch Mountain Gun made by the British firm Vickers, Sons & Maxim, frequently referred to in historical records as the “Vickers-Maxim mountain gun” or the “Millimetre Gun” (owing to its actual 75mm caliber).
    Photo shows the 25th, Battery Field Artillery, Camp Vicars, Mindanao, P. I.
    (Philippine Photographs Digital Archive, Special Collections Research Center, University of Michigan)

    The American account dated June 30, 1903 was written by Brig. Gen. Samuel S. Sumner, Commander of the Department of Mindanao, and included as Appendix II in the Annual Report of Major General George W. Davis, United States Army commanding Division of the Philippines from October 1, 1902 to July 26, 1903.

    Moro Datu and wives at Camp Vicars, Lanao. (Kenna Schneider, United Philatelic Collectors)

    At the time of the battle, then Capt. John J. Pershing was newly promoted as commander of Camp Vicars, overseeing the early American pacification campaigns in the Meranaw and Iranun areas surrounding Lake Lanao.

    Camp Vicars was the base from which Pershing launched his pacification campaign around Lake Lanao. Located in Upper Bayang, south of Lake Lanao, the camp served as a crucial link in the American military network. Troops and supplies would travel from the coast at Camp Overton (Iligan), through Camp Keithley (Marawi), and across Lake Lanao by boat to reach Camp Vicars.

    42-year-old Captain John J. Pershing stands tall during the April 1903 American advance on the Moro cotta at Bacolod
    (Keystone/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images)

    The American field expedition was led by Pershing, commanding roughly 700 soldiers composed of Troops A, G, L, 15th Cavalry; Companies C, F, G, and M, 27th Infantry ; two gun sections (Vickers-Maxims) of 25th Battery, F, A, and two mortar sections of the 17th Battery, F, A, united under the command of the senior artillery officer, Captain McNair.

    Plan of Bacolod Fort (Henry Arnold Savage Landor)

    American forces surrounded the earthen walls of Kota o Panondiongan with initial bombardments from Vickers-Maxim mountain guns countered by traditional Meranaw lantakas (brass cannons).

    The U.S. tightened the siege using 3.6-inch mortars, dropping shells directly into the fort. Despite a water-filled moat and heavy fire from hidden loopholes, Meranaw defenders repeatedly drove back infantry advances and rejected all offers of surrender.

    27th Infantry assaulting Fort Bacolod (Henry Arnold Savage Landor)

    Relentless artillery fire breached the front wall, allowing U.S. forces to overrun American forces surrounded the earthen walls of Kota o Panondiongan.

    In his eyewitness account of the battle, Arnold Henry Savage Landor, an English painter, explorer, writer, and anthropologist who accompanied the expedition, said a quick body count taken in the still-burning fort showed 30 Moro warriors dead on the top floor, with one American killed and  fourteen wounded. However, in his report to Mindanao Dept Commander Brig Gen Samuel S. Sumner, Pershing claimed one hundred twenty Meranaws lost their lives for only eleven Americans wounded.

    The following day, April 9, 1903, the Americans bombarded Kota Kalawi with mortars and Maxim-Vickers machine guns. In his report, Pershing claimed the Meranaw defenders abandoned their positions after suffering twenty three casualties.

    It’s a Hoax

    However, an archeological dig commissioned by the Bangsamoro Commission for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage (BCPCH-Lanao del Sur) and conducted by Dr Neri’s team from the University of the Philippines School of Archaeology from July 29 to August 19, 2024 showed no evidence of the purported Battle of Kalawi ever taking place.

    Kota Kalawi could only be accessed thruogh two bamboo poles over a ditch 45 feet deep.
    (Landor, Arnold Henry Savage)

    “Of the six trenches we dug on the Kota Kalawi site, we found only a single bullet and no evidence of bullet penetration on the North Wall from the purported machine gun fire or mortar fire,” Neri noted. “There’s also simply no space within the kota to accommodate a hundred defenders.”

    “Archeologically, this does not support the historical narrative,” Neri stressed.

    Furthermore, records show the US Army only procured the Vickers-Maxim machine gun (notably the U.S. Model of 1904 Maxim) after 1904 since the contract for its purchase was only signed on 1904 with the Vickers, Sons & Maxim in the UK, putting further doubts on Pershing’s claims.

    “This is the first ever re-examination/review of the accepted narrative on the Battle of Kota Kalawi conducted with the aid of archaeology. Neri’s assertion is therefore a bold challenge to the traditionally-accepted events of the battle that could alter its historiography,” observed Iligan Historian Ricardo Jorge S. Caluen. “It is difficult to challenge findings of archaeology that are based solely on material evidence.”

    This was the first-ever formal archeological excavation in Lanao del Sur. The excavation project was a collaboration among the University of the Philippines School of Archaeology (UPSA), Mindanao State University-Main Campus, and Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, organized by the Bangsamoro Commission for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage (BCPCH).

    The Kota Kalawi Archeological Team (Leee Anthony M. Neri)
    Portrait of Captain John J. Pershing by French painter Léon Hornecker (1864-1924), oil on canvas 1903

    On 30 June 1901, Pershing was honorably discharged from the Volunteers and he reverted to the rank of captain in the Regular Army, to which he had been promoted on 2 February 1901.

    He served with the 1st Cavalry Regiment in the Philippines. He later was assigned to the 15th Cavalry Regiment, serving as an intelligence officer. In June 1901, he served as commander of Camp Vicars in Lanao and was cited for bravery for participating in actions against the Moros at Lake Lanao. He later served as the military governor of the Moro Province with the rank of Brigadier General, and commander of the Department of Mindanao from 1909 to 1913.

    Pershing, a 40-year-old captain with dim career prospects in 1901, had by 1903 fought a successful counterinsurgency around Lake Lanao, firmly established U.S. sovereignty and won over most of the Meranaw datus. Recognizing his accomplishments, in the summer of 1906 the Army took the unusual step of promoting Pershing from captain directly to brigadier general. He went on to command the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe during World War I, and in 1919 was promoted by special act of Congress to the rank of general of the armies, the highest rank in the U.S. armed forces.

    American Expeditionary Forces. Liverpool, England. Prince Arthur,Duke of Connaught and General John J. Pershing, June 8, 1917.

    -30-

    References:

    The Archeology and History of Kota Kalawi (2026), University of the Philippines School of Archeology, Bangsamoro Commission for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage-Lanao del Sur,

    Fleming, Thomas. Pershing’s Island War (August 1968). Volume 19, Issue 5. Americanheritage.com. https://www.americanheritage.com/pershings-island-war

    Hitt, Parker Col. AUS (Retired), (February 1938), Amphibious Infantry-A Fleet on Lake Lanao, Proceedings, Vol. 64/2/420)  https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1938/february/amphibious-infantry-fleet-lake-lanao

    Hitt, Parker. Parker Hitt photograph collection, Philippine Photographs Digital Archive, Special Collections Research Center, University of Michigan (retrieved 30 August 2026)

    Landor, Arnold Henry Savage. The Gems of the East: Sixteen Thousand Miles of Research Travel Among Wild and Tame Tribes of Enchanting Islands (1904), Harper & Brothers (New York) & Macmillan (London).

    Maggioni, Paul. Hearts and Minds in Mindanao. (2017). Historynet.com. (retrieved 01 September 2026)

    Moro Rebellion, TR Encyclopedia -War and Military Affairs, The Theodore Roosevelt Center. Retrieved 30 August 2026

    Pershing, John J., Capt (AUS)  page 90 of letter to Brig Gen. (AUS) Samuel S. Sumner, Camp Vicars, Mindanao dated May 15, 1903, Appendix III. Occupation of the Lake Lanao Region. (June 13, 1903), Headquarters, Department of Mindanao, Annual Report of Major General George W. Davis, commanding Division of the Philippines from October 1, 1902 to July 26, 1903, page 240 of 436  

    Pershing, John J., John J. Pershing Papers, 1902-1903, University of Michigan (Special Collections Research Center)   

    Sumner, Samuel S., Brig Gen (AUS) Commander, Department of Mindanao.  Page 29, Appendix II, Annual Report of Major General George W. Davis, United States Army, commanding Division of the Philippines from October 1, 1902 to July 26, 1903. Page 177 of 436

     Vandiver, Frank E., Black Jack : the life and times of John J. Pershing (1977). Texas A&M University Press. Volume II, page 258