The Legacy of Brig. Gen. Guy O. Fort
ILIGAN CITY- A recent two-day exhibit held at the Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of History (MSU-IIT) threw open the curtain to hitherto unseen images of Mindanao and its people from over a century ago.

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗲𝗿 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗚𝘂𝘆 𝗢. 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝘁 𝗖𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 featured rare archival and ethnographic materials such as vintage weapons, brassware, documents, photographs, maps, diaries, and artifacts spanning 1904–1942 which are donated by Barbara Fox, stepdaughter of the late James Fort, one of the general’s sons.
However, the real treasure trove are the archival materials including personal correspondence, reports, personal items of notable World War II guerrillas, culture and geographic reports, and photo albums of period photographs from Zamboanga, Agusan, Jolo, and Davao, dating from the early 1900s, journals of the Philippine Constabulary from 1911-1915 & 1921, and Fort’s personal maps of route sketch trails in Central Mindanao dated August, 1912, and sketch of trails from Tucuran to Panguil Bay dated January, 1915.







These historical documentary collection and ethnographic materials, which provide fantastic information are now with MSU-IIT, particularly with its History Department, which is establishing an exhibit section in one of its new buildings exclusively for the Brig. Gen. Guy O. Fort Collection.
“These invaluable and tangible archival materials dating to as far back as when General Fort was assigned in Mindanao and Sulu in the early days of the American colonial period up until World War II, open a new treasure trove of information to scholars and researchers who are into Mindanao Studies – and the public in general – from a primary source, General Guy Fort himself, an unsung hero of World War II who stayed in the Philippines, mostly in Mindanao, for forty-one years, and played a pivotal role in the formation of the Ranao Moro resistance movement against the Japanese Occupation,” said Lanao del Sur Commissioner Robert Maulana Marohombsar Alonto of the Bangsamoro Commission for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage (BCPCH-Lanao del Sur).
History
Brig. Gen. Guy O. Fort played a crucial role in the defense of Mindanao during the Second World War and remains a remarkable figure in the region’s historical memory.
Fort was a brigadier general in the Philippine Army under the control of the United States Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE). Fort led the 81st Division (Philippines) during the initial Battle of the Philippines and the Japanese invasion of Malabang. After fighting a last-ditch stand, Fort was ordered by his higher command to surrender to the Japanese forces. His captors demanded Fort help persuade his former soldiers engaged in guerrilla warfare to stop resisting the occupation. Fort refused and was executed by firing squad.
Background
Fort enlisted in the U.S. Army in 1899. He settled in the Philippines with his first wife, Marguerite Eugine Fort, who died in 1927. He later married Mary Angeles Adams who died at the start of World War II. His great-granddaughter was the late child actress, singer and model Julie Vega.
Fort served for three years in the 4th U.S. Cavalry in the Philippines before being discharged in 1902. Two years later he was commissioned as a 3rd Lieutenant in the Philippine Constabulary and helped suppress the Moro Rebellion.

Except for a stint as a plantation manager from 1917 to 1922, Fort remained with the constabulary until World War II, advancing to the rank of Colonel. Stationed mainly in Mindanao, Fort was noted for both studying and observing the rituals and customs of the people he served among and for convincing outlaw bands to lay down their arms. In particular, Fort was known among the Americans as an expert on the Moro people. While in the constabulary, he also served briefly as the interim governor of the province of Agusan.

“Though an American, he spoke Meranaw and Magindanaw quite fluently, immersed himself in the Moro, IP and settler communities of Mindanao, learned their local cultures and traditions, understood their aspirations, and organized the Moro Bolo Battalion in Ranao prior to the outbreak of World War II,” Alonto noted.

Most significantly, he inspired and enabled the Moro patriots of the Lake to fight the Japanese occupation forces even if this went against the order of his US superiors to surrender to the Japanese after the fall of Corregidor in May 1942; and even if he knew that this would ultimately cost him his life at the hands of the Japanese, he added.
Lest We Forget
Despite the circumstances that led to his execution and he being the highest American ranking officer to be killed by the enemy, he was not recognized with the US Congressional Medal of Honor, the highest military decoration of the United States Armed Forces which is presented by the US President “in the name of Congress” to recognize American soldiers, sailors, Marines, airmen, guardians, and coast guardsmen who have distinguished themselves by acts of valor.
There is neither a monument or marker where Fort is recognized, save for the ‘Wall of the Missing’ at the American Cemetery in Manila, and no monument either for him and those who were with him in the infamous Death March from Dansalan to Iligan on July 4, 1942.
But, Alonto maintains this monument exists in the enduring memory of those who witnessed and knew of Guy Fort’s heroic deeds and supreme sacrifice.

“This monument exists in the stories left to posterity by those Moro freedom fighters in Ranao in World War II whom he never betrayed to the Japanese but inspired and emboldened to resist the Occupation by his very act of self-sacrifice on the altar of freedom,” Alonto stressed.

“This monument exists in the hearts of his descendants and the men and women whose profound sense of history is anchored on justice and thus want justice to prevail.”
“This monument exists in the irrepressible truth of factual history.”
“This exhibit in his name today is the edifice come to life, so to speak, of that intangible monument. A monument that was never physically erected, yes, but has always been a significant marker, a landmark of history resonating the poignant narrative of a patriot’s martyrdom that has found its permanent niche in Bangsamoro and Mindanao histories.”




“The contribution of key players and agencies had been highlighted during the April 9 ceremonies. But the role played by Ruh Javier Alonto is noteworthy,” noted Iligan Historian Ricardo Jorge S. Caluen. “This Bangsamoro historian was the hub that held together all other stakeholders in the project, connecting everyone like Ms. Barbara Fox, descendant of Gen. Fort, who magnanimously donated the entire collection of a hero of the Lanao resistance during WW II, Mr. Mike Henshaw of AMAG, and the MSU IIT Department of History.”
Relatives of Gen Fort came all the way from Leon B. Postigo, Zamboanga del Norte; Laguna, and General Santos City to view the exhibit. The three groups of relatives had never met before and it was a most pleasant experience for them to meet up and get acquainted for the first time ever, thanks to the exhibit.
The two-day exhibit was presented by the MSU-IIT Department of History through its Project Pasundayag, the Bangsamoro Commission for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage – Lanao del Sur Office (BCPCH-Lanao del Sur), Asymmetric MIA Accounting Group, Inc., in collaboration with the Philippine National Historical Society (PNHS) and the Northern Mindanao Heritage Network, and made possible through the generous support of the Office of the University Chancellor Alizedney Ditucalan. (RMB)
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